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Letter to the Pope is Sealed by 51 Scottish Magnates and Nobles
Robert the Bruce Asserted as Lawful King of Independent Scotland
Declaration follows long war of independence from England
1320 Declaration of Arbroath. Scots Declare Independence at Arboath Abbey. Scottish nobility submit the Declaration of Arbroath to Pope John XXII, declaring Robert the Bruce as their rightful monarch and asserting Scotland's status as an independent kingdom. Generally believed to have been written in the Arbroath Abbey by Bernard of Kilwinning, then Chancellor of Scotland and Abbot of Arbroath,and sealed by fifty-one magnates and nobles, the letter is the sole survivor of three created at the time. The others were a letter from the King of Scots, Robert I, and a letter from four Scottish bishops which all presumably made similar points.
1314 Battle of Bannockburn (Jun 24). (Blàr Allt nam Bànag). De facto independence of Scotland established with crushing Scottish victory over English Army. "a significant Scottish victory in the First War of Scottish Independence, and a landmark in Scottish history. Stirling Castle, a Scots royal fortress, occupied by the English, was under siege by the Scottish army. The English king, Edward II, assembled a formidable force to relieve it. This attempt failed, and his army was defeated in a pitched battle by a smaller army commanded by the King of Scots, Robert the Bruce.".
1314 Edinburgh Castle captured by Robert the Bruce (Mar. 14), who destroys all the buildings except St. Margaret's Chapel.
1307 Edward I dies (Jul 7). Edward II becomes King of England.
1307 Robert the Bruce defeats English army at Loudoun Hill, wages successful guerilla war against English.
1306 Robert the Bruce crowned King of Scotland at Scone after killing John II Comyn
1305 William Wallace captured by English Army and executed on orders of Edward II.
1304 Fall of Stirling Castle to the English Army.
1298 Battle of Falkirk.
1297 Battle of Stirling Bridge.
1296 Battle of Dunbar. Edward II of England invades England . Edward captures the Stone of Scone and takes it to England.
1296 Sack of Berwith-upon-Tweed
1296–1328 First War of Scottish Independence. Begins with English invasion of Scotland. Ends with signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328.
1295 Auld Alliance signed between Scotland and France. The treaty was signed by John Balliol (on behalf of the Council) and Philip IV of France in 1295 against Edward I of England. The terms of the treaty stipulated that if either country was attacked by England, the other country would invade English territory."
1292 John Balliol chosen as the new King of Scotland by a group of auditors. Crowned at Scone (Nov. 20). ""Edward I of England constantly tried to undermine his reign and demanded that Balliol treat Scotland as a vassal state. As a result, the Scottish grew tired of him and appointed a council of twelve to rule instead."
1290 Margaret, Maid of Norway, dies at seven years old. "Upon her death, there arose a number of claimants to the throne of Scotland. The Guardians of Scotland were the de facto heads of state until such time as a king would be chosen."
1290 Treaty of Birgham, "the Guardians of Scotland, who had been appointed to govern the realm during the young Queen Margaret's minority, drew up the Treaty of Birgham, a marriage contract between Margaret and the five-year-old Edward of Caernarvon, heir apparent to the English throne. The treaty, amongst other points, contained the provision that although the issue of this marriage would inherit the crowns of both England and Scotland, the latter kingdom should be 'separate, apart and free in itself without subjection to the English Kingdom'"
1286 King Alexander III dies. "the crown of Scotland passed to his only surviving descendant, his three-year-old granddaughter Margaret."
1250 Pope Innocent IV canonizes Saint Margaret of Scotland "in recognition of her personal holiness, fidelity to the Church, work for religious reform, and charity. On 19 June 1250, after her canonisation, her remains were moved to a chapel in the eastern apse of Dunfermline Abbey.[
1178 Founding of Arboath Abbey.
1164 Status of Scone Priory raised to an abbey, during the reign of King Malcom IV (Máel Coluim IV,) "The abbey had important royal functions, as it was located next to the coronation site of Scottish kings and housed the Stone of Destiny."
1153 David I dies.
1128 Dumferline Abbey founded.
1124 David I, (Dauíd mac Maíl Choluim), King of the Scots
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