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| Campaigns of King William's War (1688-1697) (source) |
1690 King William's War: Battle of Port Royal (May 19). New England Colonial militia attack the capital of Acadia, taking it without resistance. "The Governor of Acadia Louis-Alexandre des Friches de Menneval had only 70 soldiers; the unfinished enceinte remained open and its 18 cannon had not been brought into firing positions; 42 young men of Port-Royal were absent. Any resistance therefore appeared useless....The aftermath of the surrender of Port Royal was unlike any of the previous military campaigns against Acadia. The violence of the plunder alienated many of the Acadians from the New Englanders, broke their trust, and made future relations with their English-speaking neighbors more difficult."
1688-1697 King William's War,
1675-1678 King Phillip's War. "an armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day New England and English colonists and their Nat.ive American allies in 1675–78. The war is named for the main leader of the Native American side, Metacomet, who had adopted the English name "King Philip" in honor of the previously-friendly relations between his father and the original Mayflower Pilgrims. The war continued in the most northern reaches of New England until the signing of the Treaty of Casco Bay in April 1678."
1644 Founding of Hempstead on Long Island by colonists from Connecticut.
1636-1638 The Pequot War. Ended by Treaty of Hartford (1638).
1638 Founding of Providence Plantations by Roger Williams, a theologian, independent preacher, and linguist, on land taken by Narragansett sachem Canonicus. Williams was exiled under religious persecution in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and agreed with his fellow settlers on an egalitarian constitution providing for majority rule "in civil things" with liberty of conscience on spiritual matters. He named the colony Providence Plantation, believing that God had brought him and his followers there. (The term "plantation" was used in the 17th century as a synonym for "settlement" or "colony.") Williams named the islands in the Narragansett Bay after virtues: Patience Island, Prudence Island, and Hope Island."
1636 Connecticut Colony founded. "Thomas Hooker, a prominent Puritan minister, and Governor John Haynes of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, ... led 100 people to present day Hartford in 1636. The sermon Hooker delivered to his congregation on the principles of government on May 31, 1638 influenced those who would write the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut later that year."
1630 Boston settled by Puritans in the Massachusetts Bay colony.
1628 Land grant to Massachusetts Bay Company to establish colony in New England. Royal charter (1629). "The colony was founded by the owners of the Massachusetts Bay Company, which included investors in the failed Dorchester Company, which had in 1623 established a short-lived settlement on Cape Ann. The Massachusetts Bay Colony, begun in 1628, was the company's second attempt at colonization. The colony was successful, with about 20,000 people migrating to New England in the 1630s. The population was strongly Puritan, and its governance was dominated by a small group of leaders who were strongly influenced by Puritan religious leaders. Although its governors were elected, the electorate were limited to freemen, who had been examined for their religious views and formally admitted to the local church. As a consequence, the colonial leadership exhibited intolerance to other religious views, including Anglican, Quaker, and Baptist theologies. Although the colonists initially had decent relationships with the local native populations, frictions arose over cultural differences, which were further exacerbated by Dutch colonial expansion.
1626 Town of Salem is founded. "located at the mouth of the Naumkeag river at the site of an ancient Native American village and trading center, was first settled by Europeans in 1626, when a company of fishermen from Cape Ann led by Roger Conant arrived. Conant's leadership had provided the stability to survive the first two years, but he was immediately replaced by John Endecott, one of the new arrivals, by order of the Massachusetts Bay Company. Conant graciously stepped aside and was granted 200 acres (0.81 km2) of land in compensation. These "New Planters" and the "Old Planters"] agreed to cooperate, in large part due to the diplomacy of Conant and Endecott. In recognition of this peaceful transition to the new government, the name of the settlement was changed to Salem, a hellenized form of the word for "peace" in Hebrew שלום (shalom), and the name mentioned several times in the Bible and traditionally associated with Jerusalem.
1623 Cape Ann settled. "The English colony at Cape Ann was first founded in 1623. It was the fourth colonizing effort in New England after Popham Colony, Plymouth Colony and Nantasket Beach. Two ships of the Dorchester Company brought 32 in number with John Tylly and Thomas Gardner as overseers of a fishing operation and the plantation, respectively. This colony predated Massachusetts Bay charter and colony. For that reason, members of the colony were referred to as "old planters""
1620 Plymouth Colony founded by London Virginia Company (chartered 1619, on revived patent from 1606 Plymouth Company). Mayflower and the Speedwell sail from Holland and arrive in Massachusetts Bay with Puritan colonists.
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1609 Popham Coloay abandoned.
1607 Popham Colony established by the Plymouth Company near the mouth of the Kennebec River. "The next attempt (by the Plymouth Company) was more successful. About 120 colonists left Plymouth on May 31, 1607 in two ships. They intended to trade precious metals, spices, furs, and show that the local forests could be used to build English ships. Colony leader George Popham sailed aboard the Gift of God.
1606 Plymouth Company, a joint-stock company, founded by James I with intent of establishing English settlement in the New World."The first Plymouth Company ship, Richard, sailed in August 1606 but the Spanish intercepted and captured it near Florida in November."
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