Modernity Phase II (to 1807) (Discovery of the fundamental estrangement of consciousness from the world outside of itself) : Kant, Hegel 1807 -- The Phenomenology of the Spirt (consciousness fundamentally alienated from the world)
Modernity Phase III (1867--present) (Discovery of the essential inauthenticity of consciousness, that consciousness is determined by factors outside of itself. See "School of suspicion" (1965) below)
1. Marx -- consciousness determined by historical/material factors
2. Nietzsche -- consciousness determined by passions
3. Freud -- consciousness determined by the unconscious
Fry suggests adding the 4th "hermeneut of suspicion"
4. Darwin ? -- consciousness determined by biological processes
1818 May 5 -- Birth of Karl Heinrich Marx, Trier, Prussia, German Confederation
1844 Oct 15 -- Birth of Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche in Röcken, Saxony, Prussia
1848 Feb -- The Manifesto of the Communist Party, Marx
1856 May 6 -- Birth of Sigismund Schlomo Freud, Freiberg in Mähren, Moravia, Austrian Empire
(now Příbor, Czech Republic)
1859 Nov 24 -- On the Origin of Species, Darwin
1867 -- Das Kapital, Vol. I, Marx
1872 -- The Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music, Nietzsche
1873 -- Of Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense,Nietzsche
1873 -- Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks, Nietzsche
1876 -- Untimely Meditations, Nietzsche
1878 -- Human, All Too Human, Nietzsche
1881 -- The Dawn of Day, Nietzsche
1882 -- The Gay Science, Nietzsche
1883 -- Death of Marx
1883-1885 -- Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Nietzsche
1886 -- Beyond Good and Evil, Nietzsche
1887 -- On the Genealogy of Morality, Nietzsche
(1888 -- Nietzsche's Last Year of Lucidity)
1888 -- The Case of Wagner, Nietzsche
1888 -- The Twilight of the Idols, Nietzsche
1888 -- Ecce Homo,Nietzsche
1888 -- The Antichrist, Nietzsche
1888 -- Nietzsche Contra Wagner, Nietzsche
1891 -- On Aphasia, Freud
1895 -- Studies on Hysteria, Freud
1899 -- The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud
1900 -- Death of Nietzsche
1904 -- The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, Freud
1905 -- Jokes and Their Relationship to the Unconscious, Freud
1905 -- Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, Freud
1907 -- Delusion and Dreams in Jensen's Gradiva, Freud
1910 -- Leonardo da Vinci, a Memory of His Childhood, Freud
1910 -- The Will to Power, notes by Nietzsche published posthumously
A basic element in Nietzsche's philosophical outlook is the "will to power" (der Wille zur Macht), which he maintained provides a basis for understanding human behavior—more so than competing explanations, such as the ones based on pressure for adaptation or survival.As such, according to Nietzsche, the drive for conservation appears as the major motivator of human or animal behavior only in exceptions, as the general condition of life is not one of emergency, of 'struggle for existence.
1913 -- Totem and Taboo: Resemblances between the Psychic Lives of Savages and Neurotics, Freud
1915-17 -- Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis, Freud
1920 -- Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Freud
1921 -- Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego, Freud
1923 -- The Ego and the Id, Freud
1926 -- Inhibitions, Symptoms, and Anxiety, Freud
1926 -- The Question of Lay Analysis, Freud
1927 -- The Future of an Illusion, Freud
1930 -- Civilization and Its Discontents, Freud
1933 -- New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis, Freud
1939 -- Moses and Monotheism, Freud
1939 Sept 23 -- Death of Freud
1965 -- Freud and Philosophy, Paul Ricœur (1913-2005). introduces the School of suspicion.
 |
Jean Paul Gustave Ricœur, 27 February 1913 – 20 May 2005) was a French philosopher best known for combining phenomenological description with hermeneutics. He came from a family of devout Huguenots (French Protestants), a religious minority in France |
"School of suspicion" (French: école du soupçon) (also dubbed hermeneutics of suspicion in secondary literature) is a phrase coined by Paul Ricœur in Freud and Philosophy (1965) to capture a common spirit that pervades the writings of Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and Friedrich Nietzsche, the three "masters of suspicion".
(Rita Felski): "[Marx, Freud, and Nietzsche] share a commitment to unmasking 'the lies and illusions of consciousness'; t
They are the architects of a distinctively modern style of interpretation that circumvents obvious or self-evident meanings in order to draw out less visible and less flattering truths ...
Ricoeur's term has sustained an energetic after-life within religious studies, as well as in philosophy, intellectual history, and related fields."
Jacques Derrida was an assistant to Ricœur during the time this was published (early 1960s
No comments:
Post a Comment