1071 Aug -- The Turks Break in to Anatolia

Göktürk Empire (first Turkic state) at its greatest extent (600 AD)

The Göktürks, Celestial Turks or Blue Turks (Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣‎, romanized: Türük Bodun; Chinese: 突厥 Tūjué) were a nomadic confederation of Turkic peoples in medieval Inner Asia. The Göktürks, They were dynasty that ruled the first Turkic Khaganate, the first Turkic state to use the name Türk politically. .

552 circa -- death of Bumin Qaghan (Chinese: 伊利可汗), leader of the Göktürk Turkic Khaganate, He is mentioned in Eastern Roman records.

Under the leadership of Bumin Qaghan (d. 552) and his sons, the Ashina succeeded the Rouran Khaganate as the hegemonic power of the Mongolian Plateau and rapidly expanded their territories in Central Asia.  Although the Göktürks spoke Old Turkic, initially the Khaganate would use Sogdian (Old Iranian) in official and numismatic functions. The Khaganate's early official texts and coins were written in Sogdian. Old Turkic script was invented at the first half of the 6th century.

The Western Turkic Khagante. Subjugated by the Tang in 657

603 --  Collapse of the Göktürk Turkic Khaganate, which splits in two. Emergence of the Western Turkic Khaganate and the Eastern Turkic Khaganate.

620s -- Eastern Emperor Heraclius enlists (western) Göktürks in war against the Persian Empire.

638 -- Arabs conquer Persian Mesopotamia

644 -- Arabs conquer Roman Jerusalem.

651 -- Arab conquest of the Persian Empire completed

657 -- Tang Chinese Empire (Chinese: 唐朝) subjugates of the Western Turkic Khaganate (Göktürks).

The Growth of the Khazar Khaganate after 650

657 after -- Emergence of the Turkic Khazar Khaganate, as successor to the Chinese-subjugated Western Turkic Khaganate, but shifted further the west, starting in the Steppe areas between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea.

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950 c. -- founding of the Seljuk Turks as breakaway from the Khazar Empire who adopt Islam and move eastward, founding a homeland in the basin of the Syr Darya, a river which flows into the Aral Sea, draining the Tian Shan mountains.

The apical ancestor of the Seljuqs was their bey, Seljuk, who was reputed to have served in the Khazar army, under whom, circa 950, they migrated to Khwarezm, near the city of Jend, where they converted to Islam.

1037 -- Rise of the Seljuk Turkish Empire, expanding from their homeland. They overrun Arab Persia and Arab Mesopotamia, establishing a new capital on the Iranian plateau at Nishapur.

The Seljuk empire was founded by Tughril Beg (990–1063) and his brother Chaghri Beg (989–1060) in 1037. From their homelands near the Aral Sea, the Seljuks advanced first into Khorasan and then into mainland Persia, before eventually capturing Baghdad and conquering eastern Anatolia. 

1069 -- Eastern Roman Emperor Romanos IV and Seljuk leader Arp Arslan agree to a treaty establishing border along the southern edge of the Anatolian plateau. Arslan turns attention towards the conquest of the Arab Fatamid dynasty in Syria and Egypt.

1071 Feb -- Eastern Roman Emperor Romanos IV suggests renewal of 1069
 treaty to Arp Arslan.

In February 1071, Romanos sent envoys to Alp Arslan to renew the 1069 treaty, and keen to secure his northern flank against attack, Alp Arslan happily agreed. Abandoning the siege of Edessa, Arslan immediately led his army to attack Fatimid-held Aleppo. However, the peace treaty had been a deliberate distraction by Romanos, who now led a large army into Armenia to recover fortresses lost to the Seljuks before the Arslan had time to respond.

Roman movements (red) and Turkish movements (green) leading to the Battle of Manzikert

1071 Aug 26 -- The Battle of Manzikert. Turkish invasion of Central Anatolia under Arp Arslan, Theme of Iberia, Byzantine Armenia
(present-day Malazgirt, Turkey)

The decisive defeat of the Byzantine army and the capture of the Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes played an important role in undermining Byzantine authority in Greek Anatolia and Armenia, and allowed for the gradual Turkification of Anatolia. Many of the Turks, who had been travelling westward during the 11th century, saw the victory at Manzikert as an entrance to Asia Minor.

The Seljuk Empire in 1092, after the conquest of Anatolia from the Romans. It was the first time that Anatolia had passed out of Greco-Roman control since Alexander the Great. The original Seljuk homeland along the Syr Darya is the lightly shaded region east of the Aral Sea.